1. No State Party shall expel, return (“refouler”) or extradite a person to another State where

there are substantial grounds for believing that he would be in danger of being subjected to

torture.

2. For the purpose of determining whether there are such grounds, the competent authorities shall

take into account all relevant considerations including, where applicable, the existence in the

State concerned of a consistent pattern of gross, flagrant or mass violations of

human rights.

Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984): https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/ProfessionalInterest/cat.pdf